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Email: p.pfitzinger@auckland.ac.nz In7†PpNЇ№bject charac7†P7‹`PNЇ№ the relatio7†Pp you are investigating. Limit their effect eithЄ Daley2000 Doyle2000 Hopkins2000 Hopkins2000 Hopkins2000 Hopkins2000 Hopkins2000 Pfitzinger2000at might explain the mechanism of the treatment. In an unblinded experiment, such variables can help define the magnitude of any placebo effect.Œ…Department of Physiology and School of Physical Education, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand 9001, will.hopkins@otago.ac.nz7†P0NЇ№ty of 7†P7 NЇ№,Ъland 90017†P7ˆРЋ0 ™D s, W.G.7ˆРЋ šшkshop on gr7 7ˆРЋ0 “ mentse7ˆРЋ š8.3з7 7ˆРЋ0 š ml (798 wo7ˆРЋ šьent of Phys7 7ˆРЋ0 ™ш University7ˆРЋ “Д , New Zeal7 7ˆРЋ0 ›4   ” 7ˆРЋ ™d< 7 7ˆРЋ0 ™X 7ˆРЋ š7 7ˆРЋ0 ›@ 7ˆРЋ Эp 7 7ˆРЋ0 ™Ь 7ˆРЋ šЌ(7 7ˆРЋ0 ”< 7ˆРЋ ” ) 7 7ˆРЋ0 ™| 7ˆРЋ ™Є 7 7ˆРЋ0 šА 7ˆРЋ ™м7 7ˆРЋ0 “м 7ˆРЋ šф7 7ˆРЋ0 ™l 7ˆРЋ š( 7 7ˆРЋ0 “М 7ˆРЋ “А 7 7ˆРЋ0 ™T 7ˆРЋ ™и7 7ˆРЋ0 ›D 7ˆРЋP š№Daley, K.7 7’Р-Ј7 7ˆРЋ@ “и  -Ј7 7ˆРР7— 7ˆР7“P 7— 7ˆР7“p07—7 7“pЋP “№7…€7œp 7…€7—№7œp/127…€?@BBDDEFgghh˜˜™™11227—0€7œРDaley, K.er 7…€7— А7› 7“p7—@€7›7—@7—№`7›Daley K.7—@7˜07˜Р7˜а7“p7“p7˜Ћ@ š,  7“p7˜а7›7˜7˜ А7›7˜7˜Р07šp7“p7˜РЋ@ š0  -Ј7“p7˜Р 7›7˜Р7™P7›Daley, K.7˜Р7™pЋ0 ™œ 7™pЋ ЫЬ7“p7™pP7›Daley K.7™p7™р07›7™p7™pЋ@ š$  7˜р7— ЋPЫЬDaley K. 7™pА-Ј7špp-Ј 7˜Р7— `7œР 7—  07™p7šР 7œР, rtscience7— 7…€ 7€Moving Toget7…€ Newsletter 26. Daley K. (2000). Sportscience, 4(1), sportsci.org/jour/0001/mt26.html. Internet, kinesiology, news, physical education Topics in this newsletter: Coach resources, health/fitness calculators, website tune-up, image search engine, injury prevention, job site, tech news... ors, website 7› а7€&т|7…€””7œp7œpЋ  šЈ   3  ?  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Email: kdaley@mum.edu Doyle, J.A.@ 2000@:Physiology symbols in Microsoft Word and Corel WordPerfect Sportscience4›1а2,sportsci.org/jour/0001/jad.html (2889 words) Type of Work SportscienceD>auto-correct, equation editor, macros, overstrike, quick wordspiWord processing programs do not include many of the special symbols and abbreviations necessary for scientific writing. The powerful functionality and flexibility of Microsoft Word and Corel WordPerfect allow the creation of physiological symbols like the dot over the V for VO2max. Other special features make subsequent insertion of these symbols automatic.џxrDepartment of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Geo il: adoy7€€su.edu@ Hopkins, W.G. 2000"Quantitative research design Sportscience4 1d82sportsci.org/jour/0001/wghdesign.html (4318 words) Type of Work Sportscienced^controlled trial, crossover, descriptive, experimental, mechanism, placebo effect, sample sizeŠ In quantitative research your aim is to determine the relationship between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. Quantitati Authors Journals  Keywords                                џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ < Daley, K. Doyle, J.A.N( Hopkins, W.G. Pfitzinger, P  Sportscience Sportscience  0D>auto-correct, equation editor, macros, overstrike, quick wordsd^controlled trial, crossover, descriptive, experimental, mechanism, placebo effect, sample size-`TOEPO, erythropoetin, hypoxia, live high train low, nutrition, simulated altitude4/Internet, kinesiology, news, physical educationЎР 2„„rj€>0 Daley, K.F 2000$Moving Together: Newsletter 26 Sportscience4 1F& sportsci.org/jour/0001/mt26.html News Sportscience6/Internet, kinesiology, news, physical educationž—Topics in this newsletter: Coach resources, health/fitness calculators, website tune-up, image search engine, injury prevention, job site, tech news...e.'http://sportsci.org/jour/0001/mt26.htmls'ŠƒDepartment of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Maharishi University of Management, Fairfield, Iowa, USA 52557. Email: kdaley@mum.eduu Doyle, J.A.р 2000@:Physiology symbols in Microsoft Word and Corel WordPerfect Sportscience41Р2,sportsci.org/jour/0001/jad.html (2889 words)"News item; research resource SportscienceD>auto-correct, equation editor, macros, overstrike, quick wordspiWord processing programs do not include many of the special symbols and abbreviations necessary for scientific writing. The powerful functionality and flexibility of Microsoft Word and Corel WordPerfect allow the creation of physiological symbols like the dot over the V for VO2max. Other special features make subsequent insertion of these symbols automatic.o,&http://sportsci.org/jour/0001/jad.html'xrDepartment of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3083. Email: adoyle@gsu.edu Hopkins, W.G. 2000"Quantitative research design Sportscience4182sportsci.org/jour/0001/wghdesign.html (4318 words) Review; research resource Sportscienced^controlled trial, crossover, descriptive, experimental, mechanism, placebo effect, sample sizeŠ In quantitative research your aim is to determine the relationship between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. Quantitative research designs are either descriptive (subjects usually measured once) or experimental (subjects measured before and after a treatment). A descriptive study establishes only associations between variables. An experiment establishes causality. For an accurate estimate of the relationship between variables, a descriptive study usually needs a sample of hundreds or even thousands of subjects; an experiment, especially a crossover, may need only tens of subjects. The estimate of the relationship is less likely to be biased if you have a high participation rate in a sample selected randomly from a population. In experiments, bias is also less likely if subjects are randomly assigned to treatments, and if subjects and researchers are blind to the identity of the treatments. In all studies, subject characteristics can affect the relationship you are investigating. Limit their effect either by using a less heterogeneous sample of subjects or preferably by measuring the characteristics and including them in the analysis. In an experiment, try to measure variables that might explain the mechanism of the treatment. In an unblinded experiment, such variables can help define the magnitude of any placebo effect.2,http://sportsci.org/jour/0001/wghdesign.html'Œ…Department of Physiology and School of Physical Education, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand 9001, will.hopkins@otago.ac.nzs Hopkins, W.G. 2000 Editorial Sportscience41H:4sportsci.org/jour/0001/inbrief.html#edit (338 words) News Sportscience6/http://sportsci.org/jour/0001/inbrief.html#edit'Œ…Department of Physiology and School of Physical Education, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand 9001, will.hopkins@otago.ac.nz Hopkins, W.G. 2000Vitamin C warningЦ Sportscience4I1:4sportsci.org/jour/0001/inbrief.html#vitC (142 words) News Sportscience6/http://sportsci.org/jour/0001/inbrief.html#vitCџ'Œ…Department of Physiology and School of Physical Education, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand 9001, will.hopkins@otago.ac.nz Hopkins, W.G. 2000"Creatine and kidney damage?I Sportscience4 1`>8sportsci.org/jour/0001/inbrief.html#creatine (476 words) News Sportscience:3http://sportsci.org/jour/0001/inbrief.html#creatine 'Œ…Department of Physiology and School of Physical Education, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand 9001, will.hopkins@otago.ac.nzp Hopkins, W.G. 2000 Liability for side effects Sportscience41I@9sportsci.org/jour/0001/inbrief.html#liability (420 words)I News Sportscience:4http://sportsci.org/jour/0001/inbrief.html#liability'Œ…Department of Physiology and School of Physical Education, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand 9001, will.hopkins@otago.ac.nzp Pfitzinger, P 2000NHHighlights of the third annual international altitude-training symposium Sportscience412+sportsci.org/jour/0001/pp.html (1565 words)JNews; conference report0 SportscienceVOEPO, erythropoetin, hypoxia, live high train low, nutrition, simulated altitude@:Altitude exposure combined with training near sea level (living high, training low) enhances endurance performance at sea level by increasing oxygen transport to muscles. The optimal altitude for daily exposures of 20 hours per day is about 2,100 to 2,500 meters. There is a large variation in benefit between athletes. Altitude exposure can be included in the training program in the peak phase or at the end of the base phase. A potential nutritional problem is loss of muscle mass resulting from insufficient energy intake. Iron deficiency can also reduce the benefit of altitude exposure. Hypobaric chambers, nitrogen houses, and nitrogen tents appear to simulate altitude exposure successfully. Use of supplemental oxygen to achieve high-intensity training at altitude appears to be more stressful than training low.,%http://sportsci.org/jour/0001/pp.htmlt'~xSport and Exercise Science Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Email: p.pfitzinger@auckland.ac.nz