Wilburn Olin Atwater

Wilbur Olin Atwater (1844-1907). His pioneering metabolic studies helped shape the emerging science of human nutrition and exercise.. Jan-Mar 99

William Beaumont

William Beaumont (1785-1853) revolutionized concepts about digestion. Mar-Apr 98

Francis Gano Benedict

Francis Gano Benedict (1870-1957) investigated effects of diet, temperature regulation, and exercise on metabolism. May-June 98

Claude Bernard

Claude Bernard (1813-1878), one of the greatest experimental physiologists of all time, made crucial discoveries that impacted medicine, nutrition, and exercise science. March-April 97

Russel Henry Chittenden

Russel Henry Chittenden (1856-1943), influenced future research in nutrition and exercise physiology with experiments on low protein diets. Sept-Oct 98

Archibald Vivian Hill

Physiologist A.V. Hill (1886-1977), wins Nobel Prize for crucial discoveries about chemical and mechanical events in muscle contraction. May-June 97

Frederick Gowland Hopkins

Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861-1947), winner of Nobel Prize, pioneered studies in nutritional biochemistry and experimental physiology. July-Aug 98

August Krogh

August Krogh (1874-1949), winner of Nobel Prize, conducts studies in exercise physiology. The inaugural profile in this series by Frank Katch. January-February 97

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794), paved the way for future studies in metabolism, nutrition and exercise physiology. Jan-Feb 98

Justus von Liebig

Justus von Liebig (1803-1873). This reknowned chemist advocated protein for exercise, but human experiments disproved his assertions. Nov-Dec 98

James Lind

James Lind (1716-1794), carried out a decisive experiment that changed the course of naval medicine. By adding fresh fruit to sailors' diets, Lind fortified their immune systems and defeated scurvy. Sept-Oct 97

Edward Smith

Edward Smith (1819-1874), used closed-circuit spirometry to show that protein was not the main fuel for exercise. Nov-Dec 97